Vikane Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Vikane Gas - Essay Example fectively destroys insects at all the active stages of life, whereas it has to be administered in higher doses or for longer periods of exposure to kill insect eggs. It is a highly toxic gas, which acts as a central nervous system depressant; and high concentrations can lead to respiratory failure. The odorless, colorless gas has no warning characteristics (Kamrin 1997) hence it contains the irritant chloropicrin as a warning indicator. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the properties, functions, uses, toxic effects, and various other dimensions of Vikane Gas or Sulfuryl Fluoride. The detection methods and treatment for nerve gases will also be examined. Significantly, sulfuryl fluoride is licensed for use in several countries, which is an important consideration in increasing the use of the fumigant in postharvest control technology. It is currently registered as a structural fumigant, â€Å"and may be effective as a general commodity disinfestation treatment and as a quarantine treatment† (Zettler and Arthur 2000, p.581). In food premises storing grains the fumigant is used carefully because of its toxicity. Further, it is used as a quarantine treatment for dried fruits and nuts where control of the tolerant egg stage need not be taken into consideration; as in destroying an infestation of C. pomonella on walnuts and A. transitella on almonds. Sulfuryl fluoride has the lowest boiling point of any fumigant, -55.20C, and hence is in the gaseous state under all practical fumigation conditions. The exposure routes are mainly through inhalation and through the skin. Vikane gas, a Restricted Use Pesticide is in a pressurized condition in a steel cylinder from which it is dispensed through a hose into the interior of the sealed structure. After the elapse of a period of time, when air levels of sulfuryl fluoride have lowered to 1 part per million (ppm) or less, the interior of the structure is aerated. The Hazard Evaluation Division (HED)

Problems of the Bangladesh Ready Made Garment sector Essay Example for Free

Problems of the Bangladesh Ready Made Garment sector Essay In recent time it is argued that the crisis in the Ready Made Garment (RMG) sector is not only limited to the wages and allowances of the workers. Productions and exports of the factories have decreased and the price of the apparels is decreasing in the international market. The owners of this industry allege that, the supply of gas and electricity is not continuous, because of which they are to use generators to keep the production process of the factories uninterrupted, resulting in the increasing cost of productions. But it is urgent to reduce the cost of production to comply with the foreign buyers demand and the competitive international price. Moreover, serious and untoward incidents in the form of chaos and confusions are frequent in this sector on the basis of rumours and petty demands of the workers. It has become a way of frequently destroying factories by spreading news of misbehaviour of the factory owners with the workers. Even if such allegations are true, it cannot also be denied that there occur frequent abnormal deaths of workers in the garments factories. Major shocking incidents like the collapse of Rana Plaza in Savar on April 24 2013 killing 1130 workers and crippling about another 1500 of 2438 rescued alive and with about 316 missing. Fire incidents in Tazreen Fashions in Ashulia on November 24 2012 killed at least 112 workers. It is also alleged that kidney diseases are widespread among the garments workers as they are discouraged to drink water during duty hours, since this may cause them to repeatedly go to the urinal causing a loss to work time. In fact the garments workers sweat their blood in producing garments in the factories and it is alleged that for months after months the owners do not come to the factories; the factories are usually run by the salaried officials who habitually misbehave with the hard working labourers of the factories. It is immoral to consume the fruits of the workers by sitting idle without their consent; although it is usual in capitalism that its highest executives spend their time sitting on public committees, and have to have deputies to do their work (Lewis, W. Arthur, 1954, Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour). In the face of movements of the apparels workers for raising wages and other demands in 2006, the Export Development Bureau and Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) sources said that apparels prices in the international market are gradually falling. Available statistics show that apparels prices increased gradually from the year 1994-95 to 2000-01 with a slight fall in the year 1995-96 compared to the immediate past year after which price jumped. Then from the year 2001-02 prices fell continuously without break up to the last available year 2009-10 (July to November). This caused the apparels owners unwilling to accept Taka 5,000 from Tk. 1662 as minimum wage suggested in the New Wage Structure 2010 for the garments workers, because this will, in their view, adversely affect the garments sector. The owners proposed Taka 2,513 as minimum wage for the second time in 2010. Afterwards government interventions made the BGMEA accept the New Wage Structure July 29 2010 with Taka 3,000 as minimum wage. If it is just, there is no question; but if unjust, in that case Al Quran reads: Woe unto the defrauders, those who when they take the measure from mankind demand it full, but if they measure unto them or weigh for them, they cause them loss (Quran, 83:1-3). Recently, after the collapse of the Rana Plaza, the government has decided to form a Wage Board to look after the minimum wages of the apparels workers with possible annual increases in that. The Garments Owners claim that, a certain quarter has started hatching conspiracies to destroy the RMG sector of the country. The external miscreants by intruding the RMG establishments in the guise of workers have started misdeeds. They are being instigated and used by certain interested quarters from outside. The concerned parties have identified six causes behind their attempts to destroy the RMG sector. These are: (a) The foreign buyers recent inclination to Bangladesh, (b) The instigation of some external powers, (c) The assistance of local influential quarters and the so called labour leaders, (d) The intrusion of the jutting outs miscreants in to the garments factories, (e) The differences of opinions of the political miscreants centering the occupation of the Jhut sector, and (f) The internal feud among the labour leaders. The actual workers have no affiliations with these factors and the garments establishments are getting jobs these days. May be there are conspiracies to harm the RMG sector of Bangladesh. But when the disturbances in this sector erupt tens of thousands of workers come down on the streets which are pictured in the national and international electronic and print media. It is illogical to conclude that all of them are miscreants. There may be some who fan the fire of discontents in the minds of the deprived workers. If the workers are satisfied with and had there been no serious discontents in their minds about what is going on in this sector, it would have been almost impossible to drag down on the streets tens of thousands of innocent content workers by a single or a series of mobile calls of the miscreants from out side; and at the same time the disguised miscreants inside the factories could do little harm to this sector. Our habit is to expect too much from law and law enforcing agencies. We forget that they have some natural limits to their capacities. They can at best suppress the problems for the time being but not permanently cure the actual problems prevailing in the factories. It is the owners of the factories who can play the pivotal role in bringing about peace in the factories by allowing the workers their due share to their produce in the form of satisfactory wages and allowances by cutting down the excess greed for profiteering and the workers active participations in decisions making. It is not permissible by good sense to earn excessive profits by coercing the workers by the owners or by the purchasers of apparels by foreign rich buyers. Good sense prefers to advise the business community to ascertain a mid-course between the highest and the lowest margin of profits for success of this industry like any other industry. The garments owners will have to understand that the minimum wage of a garments worker is Taka 3,000. Actually new wage rate is basically Taka 2,000, of the remaining Taka 1,000, Taka 800 is house rent allowance and Taka 200 is medical allowance, which like other allowances are not usually included in the basic wage/pay in any other services. The minimum basic pay excluding other allowances for a government employee is Taka 6,545). It is difficult for the workers to survive with this meagre amount of money under the prevailing high prices of daily necessities. As a result suppressed despair and discontent is naturally there in the minds of the workers which burst out from time to time, as we see, in the factories causing unrest and disturbances. To control this is beyond the capacity of the law enforci ng agencies and the government cannot and should not always shoulder such selfish interests and responsibilities of the private factory owners at ublic costs even though the factory owners pay taxes. They are to solve their own problems by consoling the workers by allowing them satisfactory wages, security and congenial working environments. Governments can at best assist them in these regards. It is also alleged that, some interested international quarters are hatching conspiracies to divert the attention of the buyers from the Bangladesh apparels industry. These interested quarters want widespread unrest should spread and prevail in this industry so that the buyers rush to them for buying apparels and become beneficiaries. Under different pretext the rival competing countries are deeply feeding fuel behind different movements of the garments workers to engage in destructive activities such as breaking of and torching spree to garments factories. It is also alleged that the factories which are being broken now, their wages and allowances are satisfactory, id est. he compliance factories are being mainly targeted for attack. Garments owners and exporters also allege that, in the name of just wages for the workers some private organizations are instigating the workers to create trouble in the factories. The officials of these Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) spread discontent among the workers under different pleas and they send the news of such unrest to even different international media. Such news makes the foreign buyers worried in this peak period (Mach-August) and the buyers may turn their face from Bangladesh. If under such circumstances workers unrest spread wide, the garments sector will not survive. So in the prevailing circumstances, owners and exporters of apparels have been thrown into panic. The BGMEA leaders claim that, the wage payments of the workers in factories have not been stopped even in the period of international recession. They say: presently it is the occupiers of Jhut trading, along with other problems, which create unrest in the garments industries not the actual workers. Leader of the Combined Garment Workers Federation (CGWF) maintains that, the problems can be solved through mutual understanding and not by shutting down the factories. The CGWF leader indicates that there are some pending problems of the actual workers also in the garments factories. These problems are to be solved by the factory owners either individually at the factory level or collectively at the sector level as a whole, so that the national and international self seekers cannot utilize the innocent workers to serve their heinous designs. On the other hand, some of the privileged labour leaders of the garments industries frequently or occasionally visit various foreign countries under the patronage of some interested national and international quarters. They have amassed huge amount of money and property and ride costly cars. They are also accused of blackmailing both the factory owners and the workers of this sector and causing disturbances that erupt from time to time in this successful sector of the Bangladesh economy. However, we want an end to the recently become shaky condition of the Bangladesh RMG sector and it to stand erect with factory owners own consciousness and sense of responsibility and active surveillance and assistance of the government to this vital sector directly employing 4. 0 million workers, 20 million people indirectly depending on it and earning about US$19 billion foreign exchange per annum amounting to about 78% of total foreign exchange earnings of the economy, so that it does not has to accept the fate of the once prosperous jute industry of the country.

Graduation Speech: We Are Heros :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I'd like to start by thanking everyone who has come tonight, because without you we would never have made it this far. It's been a long hard journey. Each one of us has gone through our own trials and tribulations. But the one thing that all of us have in common is that throughout the years we all had friends to share in the good times and the bad. Without friends this journey would have been impossible. Our friends gave us someone to talk to when times were bad, but most importantly they provided us laughs and many adventures. Now that our high school career has come to an end we will go our separate ways. This however does not mean that we have to lose contact with those whom we have spent so much time with. To lose contact would mean to lose part of our past. That is why I am asking each one of those graduating tonight to stay in touch with those who have gotten us this far. There should be no reason to lose touch in today's world of technology. By staying in touch the good times will be remembered and hopefully new adventures will be explored. The real message though, that I would like to leave to the class of 2006, is to undertake whatever your future holds to the best of your ability. I'm standing up here tonight, not because I am the smartest person, but because I took everything that school had to offer in stride. Even on nights when I wouldn't get home till midnight from sporting events, I still found time to finish my homework. I guess what I am trying to say is, as we move on into the next stage of our lives we will be faced with even more distractions than we could ever have imagined. Up until now life has been pretty easy. But, now that we are moving into another stage of our lives we will be burdened with new responsibilities and commitments. If there is any hope for anyone of us to succeed at what we have chosen to undertake, we are going to have to stay focused and use everything that we have learned thus far. If we don't, the harsh reality of the real world will catch us with our back turned. We will never have the slightest clue what hit us.

Cultural awareness Essay

Although the emergence of a global economy and the proliferation of multinational corporations seem, at first glance, to indicate an evolution of cultural awareness in contemporary societies, the need for vigilance regarding the increase of cultural awareness both in the corporate sector and without is still an important challenge and priority of the twenty-first century. In terms of international corporations themselves, cultural diversity has emerged as both a highly productive and robustly challenging aspect of modern business. Because cultural diversity offers a wider variety of ideas, talents, skills and knowledge, businesses that are culturally diverse and display constructive communication will have at their disposal a wider range of talents, skills and ideas. Vigilance regarding cultural awareness is an important aspect of modern productiviy. Cultural awareness remains a key factor within the running of extant multinational corporations. The bottom line regarding communication in the culturally diverse twenty-first century is that providing for successful communication is one of the most vital and important aspects of any business or organization. A recent investigation â€Å"of employees from 33 different organizations across 12 industries found that some organizations have cultures of injustice. † (Pinder/Harlos, 2001, p. 346). Obviously, any organization which is afflicted with a culture of injustice will function, at best, only somewhat efficiently; at worst, such an organization will not only fall short of matching its stated goals or pragmatically driven needs, but may actually foster a climate which is counterproductive to its stated goals or purposes. (Bonczek, and Menzel) Beyond the corporate sphere, cultural awareness remains the single most important aspect of conflict resolution between nations and nation-states. Because â€Å"Human nature and human institutions are flexible, and levels of violence vary from one cultural setting to the next, with some cultures expressing extremely low levels of violence† strategies can be learned through cultural awareness for stemming the tide of war, as well as stimulating the global economy. (Fry & Bjorkqvist, 1997, p. xiii) References Bonczek, Stephen, and Donald Menzel. 1994. â€Å"Achieving the Ethical Workplace. † Public Management Mar. 13+. Fry, D. P. & Bjorkqvist, K. (Eds. ). (1997). Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution: Alternatives to Violence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pinder, Craig C. ; Harlos, Karen P. 2001. â€Å"Employee Silence: Quiescence and Acquiescence as Responses to Perceived Injustice†. Research in Personnel And Human Resources Management, Volume 20,p331-369.

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein Essay

   The director has made it clear to the audience that the film will be about life and death by having a statue of Jesus almost toppling over, next to a large figure of the grim reaper representing death. When Frankenstein is digging the grave up, he throws dirt over the statue, perhaps representing how he has no respect for death. The props and costumes are used reflect the setting and atmosphere. Dr. Frankenstein’s clothes differ from the rest of the cast, wearing a cravat and white shirt; the director may have done this to represent his higher status in society, compared to the mourners or Frankenstein’s hunchback assistant. In Branagh’s film the costumes are all very similar, they play no major part in the first four minutes studied. However they help to keep in with the mono colour of the ice and pale faces. These bland colours create a stark and dramatic contrast to the bright red blood which comes on screen when the monster’s hand dramatically appears. The make up worn by the characters in Whale’s film is heavy, pronounced and very theatrical; designed so that people in the theatre could see the faces from far away, but on camera it looks exaggerated and over the top. Branagh has used make-up subtly and realistically, creating red cheeks to show cold conditions alongside messy hair and unshaven faces to represent the length of time since the characters have been near civilization. Whale’s theatrical past suggests why all the facial expressions and movements are prominent and exaggerated. Although Branagh also has a distinguished history in theatre, Whale was working in the beginnings of Hollywood when cinema was portrayed much like theatre on screen. In the first close ups of Fritz and Frankenstein they are both wide-eyed which connotes stereotypical mad scientists and both characters creep around the graveyard with dramatic stage whispers. The facial expressions and emotions in Branagh’s Frankenstein are far less obvious and it is due to this fact that there is a lot more change in emotion over a short space of time. During a few minutes, the expressions of one character changed from fear, to pride, to concentration and then anger. This emotion change is slightly exaggerated to let the audience engage and empathize with the characters. One way that Branagh lets the audience use their imagination is by his use of positioning within the frame. Most shots are very closely cropped to the faces so that we can see expressions clearly. However, when the monster was killing the dogs, Branagh cleverly clipped the shots so that the suspense could be continued and prolonged. This method of positioning is a big contrast to Whale’s. Most of the shots in his version are mid or long and there are very few point-of-view or close ups. This is partly due to the lack of technology and experience. Branagh may have used more adventurous and interesting angles but he has had 60 years of Hollywood to look back on; Whale was at a huge disadvantage in this respect and this should of course be considered when deciding who is the better director. Whale did try and be adventurous in some respects: he used an effective high angle shot towards the end of the four minutes, it showed Fritz and Frankenstein walking towards the gallows, which heightened the feeling of a change of setting, and it clearly showed the rocky landscape, which also increased the sense of fear. Whale has placed the characters so that they were very central within the frame. The camera sticks to the action and follows it, much like if one were watching a play, a method most probably influenced by Whale’s history in theatrical directing. Branagh’s editing is a great deal faster than Whale’s so this gives him more scope to change the camera angles. However, the reason for this difference in speed could be down to the settings of the expositions, not effectiveness of directing. Branagh’s film begins in a chaotic storm with lots of action, whereas Whale tries to connote sense of fear and slow eeriness. Branagh tries to create an emotional impact and takes it for granted that the audience will understand and follow the action, whereas Whale’s style is more conventional and his editing is used for practical purposes and to see the setting and to follow the action. As an audience in the 20 and 21st century, we are so used to the conventional shock tactics, that we fail to take into account their effect in older films, such as Whale’s Frankenstein. Although aspects of Whale’s production may seem dated to today’s audience, there’s an atmosphere present that would be hard to re-create, even with technological advances. Kenneth Branagh’s Frankenstein, for all its use of modern technology, lacks the atmospheric build up that Whale’s seems to have. Whale’s film is more like the nineteenth century novel; his style suits the slow unveiling of narrative, as in the book, whereas Branagh conveys a sense of action and fast moving suspense to satisfy the ever-demanding audience. The fast moving action means that Branagh has not had a chance to build up a sense of fear; everything is over dramatized and with a very fast pace. Although Branagh has indeed created an atmospheric build up, using all the modern technology available, James Whale’s Frankenstein has stood the test of time and, although it was directed 63 years before Branagh’s, has used the most effective techniques available to build up an atmosphere of tension and fear. If an audience of today find Whale’s directing more or equally effective than Branagh’s then imagine how well it would have worked on audiences unaccustomed to this level of horror within a film. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.